Objective(s): Program death 1 (PD-1)/ program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathways, as the main inhibitory checkpoints, induce immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the importance of inhibitor checkpoint receptor (ICR) blockers, their outcomes have been limited by the low immune response rate and induced acquired resistance. Pre-existing tumor-speci...

Un-methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) has been considered as a powerful vaccine adjuvant and recognition of CpG-ODN by chicken leukocytes promotes their ability to fight against infections. In our study, efficacy of different routes of CpG-ODN application as an adjuvant on immune responses (antibody titer together with leukogram) following vaccination agains...

Unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) exhibit potent immunostimulating activity by binding with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expressed on antigen-presenting cells. Here, we show that CpG-ODN encapsulated in cationic liposomes (CpG-liposomes) improves its incorporation into CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and induces enhanced serum interleukin (IL)-12 leve...

background : historically, leishmanization is the most effective protective measure against cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), cl lesion induced by leishmanization sometimes takes a long time to heal. ma­nipulation of leishmanization inoculums needed to induce a mild and acceptable cl lesion. the aim of this study was to explore if liposomal form of cpg odn (cytosin phosphate guanin oligodeoxynu­cle...

In the present study the effect of the locally produced genetic adjuvant of ginea pig specific CpG-motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) in an inactivated FMD virus vaccine was evaluated. Boosting the ginea pigs with FMD vaccine along with CpG-ODN adjuvant produced relatively higher ratio (5-fold) of FMDV-specific IgG2a / IgG1 than those vaccinated in the absence of CpG-ODN. The neutr...

in the present study the effect of the locally produced genetic adjuvant of ginea pig specific cpg-motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg-odn) in an inactivated fmd virus vaccine was evaluated. boosting the ginea pigs with fmd vaccine along with cpg-odn adjuvant produced relatively higher ratio (5-fold) of fmdv-specific igg2a / igg1 than those vaccinated in the absence of cpg-odn. the neutr...

PURPOSE In order to improve the immunogenicity of whole tumor cell lysate for tumor vaccine, we have designed a series of CpG ODNs to study their transport and to evaluate their anti-tumor activity in B16 melanoma mouse models. METHODS In this study, we investigated whether C-class CpG ODN (CpG ODN-685) could facilitate tumor cell lysate to induce vigorous anti-tumor activity against tumors i...

Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif (CpG ODN) can activate various immune cell subsets, including natural killer cells and macrophages. We evaluated whether the combination of CpG ODN and antitumor monoclonal antibody is effective at preventing tumor growth in an immunocompetent murine lymphoma model. CpG ODN-activated murine splenocytes induced lysis of t...

Despite urgent need, no single strategy has been widely effective at controlling the growth of rapidly progressive solid tumors. We demonstrate here a potent antitumor therapy using modified bacterial DNA and toxin. Treatment of human head and neck cancer established as xenografts in athymic mice with immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides encapsulated in sterically stabilized cationic lip...

Accessibility of tumors for highly effective local treatment represents a major challenge for anticancer therapy. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) with CpG motifs are ligands of TLR9, which prime spontaneous antitumor immunity, but are less effective when applied systemically. We therefore developed a liposome-based agent for selective delivery of CpG-ODN into the tumor environment...